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Sunday, July 4, 2010

Humayun’s Tomb


Many may not know that before Shah Jahan, it was Hamida Banu Begum who built a memorial for the spouse. But Taj Mahal became famous because of its architectural beauty, grandeur and excellence!

If Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan for his wife, Humayun’s tomb was built for the Mughal Emperor Humayun by his wife Hamida Banu Begum! This is an edifice built using red sand stones and is the first of its kind in India. The architect of this tomb is Mirak Mirza Ghiyath from Persia.


It also has the distinction of being the first garden-tomb in the Indian subcontinent. It is  locaterd in Nizamuddin East in Delhi, India. In 1993 UNESCO declared it  a World Heritage Site.
The complex encompasses the main tomb of the Emperor Humayun, which houses the graves of his wife, Hamida Begum, and also Dara Shikoh, son of the later Emperor Shah Jahan, as well as numerous other subsequent Mughals, including Emperor Jahandar Shah,

It is built on the banks of river Yamuna due to its proximity to Nizamuddin Dargah, the mausoleum of the celebrated Sufi saint of Delhi, Nizamuddin Auliva, who was much revered by the rulers of Delhi.


This tomb established some of the norms, which were later on followed by others. It is geometrically arranged in a garden crisscrossed by many water channels and it is supposed to resemble  paradise! Subsequently such garden settings were also built in Delhi Red Fort and Taj Mahal. The architectural form of the building is Persian, especially its main chamber which shows some similarity with the tombs found in Persia. Humayun's tomb is the first Indian building to use the Persian double dome which is noteworthy for its harmonious proportions.
Although the architect of the tomb was from Persia, it has been observed that the distinctly Indian aspects of the tomb, such as the Hindu chattris (domed pavilions) that surround the central dome, set Humayun's tomb firmly in the Indo-Islamic tradition that was already emerging at the time.

A high wall surrounds the garden on three sides, the fourth side being bounded by what was once the bank of the river Jamna, which has since been diverted. The garden is divided into four parts by two bisecting water channels with paved walkways (khiyabans), which terminate at two gates: a main one in the southern wall, and a smaller one in the western wall


As with later Mughal tombs, that of Humayun is set upon a podium or platform. The building is noteworthy for its inlaid tile work, carving embodying both Indian and Persian decorative elements, and its carved stone screens.

The coffin of Humayun is found in the central domed chamber, the head pointing south, and facing east according to Islamic practice. The vaulted chambers also contain coffins that were added later. The sex of each occupant is marked by a simple carved symbol: a box of writing instruments indicates a male, and a writing slate indicates a female. The coffins are not otherwise inscribed, but among them are known to be those containing the wives of Humayun, and several later Mughal emperors and princes.

Humayun’s tomb is certainly a place one must visit when in Delhi.

Anger


The following example has happened to me at least thousand times in my life! This, I am sure would have happened to every one!

When I am driving, another car suddenly cuts across mine on the road, adrenalin pumps into my blood stream immediately. My heart rate jumps and blood pressure shoots up! These things, however, are just immediate fight-or-flight physiological response to a perceived threat.

As a psychological reaction to these immediate physical responses animosity toward the other driver overruns my mind. I honk my horn, give a dirty look, and sometimes possibly scream at the other driver! This is: Anger. Anger therefore is the wish to harm something that in my eyes has injured or obstructed me.
Anger is a common human emotion. We all feel it. And we feel it more often than we like to admit.

We all feel hurt or irritated when someone or something obstructs our needs or desires. Anger – in its technical sense refers to the desire to “get even with” – that is to take revenge on – the cause of the hurt.

This happens to everyone and it is quite natural. But because it is natural, does not make it good for us. Natural foods are being advertised as being good for us. Poison for example is also natural; but by definition, poison is deadly! So what is the remedy?
I am unable to offer a solution here as I am not a shrink! All I can say is that these days I am trying to avoid, consciously, getting into this state of mind called ‘Anger’. Period!